[Revised entry by Nir Eyal on January 16, 2019. Changes to: Main text, Bibliography] Informed consent is currently treated as the core of bioethics. In clinical practice, the doctrine of informed consent rose to dominance during the course of the 20th century. It replaced a medical ethos founded on trust in physicians' decisions, often on the assumption that "doctor knows best", with an ethos that sought to put patients in charge of their own care. In medical research, the influential Nuremberg Code responded to the cruelty of Nazi experiments stipulating: "The voluntary consent of the...